Urdu, the lingua franca of Pakistan, is necessary but less familiar.

巴基斯坦通用语乌尔都语不可或缺，但并不为人熟知。

In our next lecture, I am going to talk about lingua franca and its functions.

下讲，我将讲通用语及其功能。

English has emerged as a global lingua franca, essential for international business and communication.

英语已成为全球通用语言, 对国际商务和沟通至关重要。

For example, when an Indian talks to a Singaporean using English, then English is the lingua franca.

例如，当个印度人用英语和个新加坡人谈话时，英语就是通用语。

If aid workers are lucky, they may find people who know Kanuri, a kind of lingua franca in Borno.

如果幸运话，救援人员可能会找到懂卡努里语（博尔诺种通用语言）人。

Although English is not the language with the largest number of native or first language speakers, it has really become a lingua franca.

虽然把英语作为母语或是第语言人不是最多，但它确实成为了种通用语。

While English has emerged as a global lingua franca, there are also efforts to preserve linguistic diversity and revitalize endangered languages through digital technologies.

虽然英语已成为全球通用语言，但也有人努通过数字技术保护语言多样性并振兴濒危语言。

French was the lingua franca. France was in vogue.

法语是通用语。 法国很流行。

(Laughter) Memes are our internet's lingua franca.

（笑声） 模因是我们互联网通用语。

Russian became the lingua franca, needed for any serious work.

俄语成为了任何严肃工作所需要通用语。

The sailors had a lingua franca, which centered on English and Spanish and Portuguese.

水手们有种通用语言，主要是英语、西班牙语和葡萄牙语。

Now, lingua franca, literal, franca, franca.

现在，lingua franca，字面意思，franca，franca。

But in general the whaling lingua franca is English.

但总来说，捕鲸活动通用语言是英语。

It is often a lingua franca of conferences, for example.

例如，它常常是会议通用语言。

But JavaScript in the front end has always been the lingua franca.

但JavaScript在前端领域始终是通用语言。

Plus, I'm working on improving my English proficiency, as it's the lingua franca in the scientific community.

此外, 我正在努提高我英语水平, 因为它是科学界通用语。

It has relatively few native speakers – estimates range from 2 million to 18 million – but has spread across the continent as a lingua franca.

以它为母语人相对较少——估计在200万到1800万之间——但它已作为种通用语传遍了整个欧洲大陆。

Any intelligent organism would at the very least need the ability to locate the position of objects in space. So the ideal interstellar lingua franca would be haptic.

任何智能生物最少都需要有知晓物体在空间中所在位置能。所以最理想星际沟通方式应该是触觉。

That is, how did English gain the present status of popularity? There are in fact a number of interlocking reasons for the popularity of English as a lingua franca.

也就是说，英语是如何达到现在普及程度？事实上，英语作为种通用语言得到普及，有许多相互关联原因。

For example, it became a lingua franca in India where a variety of indigenous languages made the use of any one of them as a whole country system problematic.

例如，因为印度有多种土著语言，将任何种语言作为全国通用语，都会造成严重问题，所以英语成为印度通用语。