Urdu, the lingua franca of Pakistan, is necessary but less familiar.

巴基斯坦通用语乌尔都语不可或缺，但并不为熟知。

In our next lecture, I am going to talk about lingua franca and its functions.

下一讲，我将讲通用语及其功能。

That is, how did English gain the present status of popularity? There are in fact a number of interlocking reasons for the popularity of English as a lingua franca.

也就是说，英语是如何达到现在普及程度？事实上，英语作为一种通用语言得到普及，有许多相互关联原因。

Even in traditional offices, " the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago, " said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn.

哈佛商学院教授南希·科恩说道，即使是在传统办公室，“美国企业通用语已变得比二十前更有感染力和更有创造性。”。

English has emerged as a global lingua franca, essential for international business and communication.

英语已成为全球通用语言, 对国际商务和沟通至关重要。

English, French, and Portuguese are very common lingua francas understood by a large amount of people where English is understood by thirteen percent of the population, French close behind at 11.5 percent, and Portuguese by 3%.

英语、法语和葡萄牙语这几种语言也是普遍通用语言 ，很多都能听懂，其中13%能听懂英语，法语紧随其后，有11.5%听得懂，葡萄牙语能3%听懂。

He learned that I was studying Persian, and I said the grammar was star tlingly simple, because its use as a lingua franca over several centuries had shorn it of many of its complexities.

他得知我在学习波斯语，我说波斯语语法非常简单，因为几个世纪以来，波斯语作为一种通用语言进行使用使它摆脱了许多复杂性。

Any intelligent organism would at the very least need the ability to locate the position of objects in space. So the ideal interstellar lingua franca would be haptic.

任何智能生物最少都需要有知晓物体在空间中所在位置能力。所以最理想星际沟通方式应该是触觉。

It has relatively few native speakers – estimates range from 2 million to 18 million – but has spread across the continent as a lingua franca.

以它为母语相对较少——估计在200万到1800万之间——但它已经作为一种通用语传遍了整个欧洲大陆。

Although English is not the language with the largest number of native or first language speakers, it has really become a lingua franca.

虽然把英语作为母语或是第一语言不是最多，但它确实成为了一种通用语。

If aid workers are lucky, they may find people who know Kanuri, a kind of lingua franca in Borno.

如果幸运话，救援员可能会找到懂卡努里语（博尔诺州一种通用语言）。

While English has emerged as a global lingua franca, there are also efforts to preserve linguistic diversity and revitalize endangered languages through digital technologies.

虽然英语已成为全球通用语言，但也有努力通过数字技术保护语言多样性并振兴濒危语言。

For example, when an Indian talks to a Singaporean using English, then English is the lingua franca.

例如，当一个印度用英语和一个新加坡谈话时，英语就是通用语。

For example, it became a lingua franca in India where a variety of indigenous languages made the use of any one of them as a whole country system problematic.

例如，因为印度有多种土著语言，将任何一种语言作为全国通用语，都会造成严重问题，所以英语成为印度通用语。

French was the lingua franca. France was in vogue.

法语是通用语。 法国很流行。

English has come to be the world's lingua franca.

英语已成为全球通用语言。

So, by around 1550, there were hundreds of printed copies and people were very energetically beginning to translate it, not just into Latin, Because then the lingua franca was Latin, but quite early into modern languages.

所以，到了1550左右， 已经有数百本印刷版， 们开始非常积极地将其翻译成多种语言，而不仅仅限于拉丁文。 因为当时通行语言是拉丁文，但很早就翻译成了现代语言。

While some in England spoke French and some spoke Latin (and a few spoke both), everyone, from the highest to the lowest, spoke English, and it gradually became the lingua franca of the nation once again.

虽然在英格兰有些说法语， 有些说拉丁语（少数会同时说这两种语言）， 但每个，从最高层到最低层， 都说英语，英语逐渐再次成为这个国家通用语。

Now, lingua franca literally means language of the Franks, which at the time of its creation, really referred to all Western Europeans, not just the people who live in what is now France.

现在， lingua franca 字面意思是法兰克语言，在它诞生时候， 实际上指是所有西欧，而不仅仅是生活在现在法国境内。

Then too, much of this material was published abroad, often in French, which was gradually displacing Latin as what we might as well call the lingua franca of European intellectuals.

此外，这些资料许多部分是在国外出版，通常使用法语， 法语正逐渐取代拉丁语， 成为我们不妨称之为欧洲知识分子通用语言。